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Prepare buffer solutions of assigned pH values and determine the buffer capacity of these solutions. Students determine how to prepare the stock solutions, how to mix the stock solutions to create a buffer solution of desired pH, and test the buffering capacity of their buffers. Provides a thorough experience in buffers; teach the experiment as either a guided activity or an inquiry activity. For 30 students working in teams of 3.

Prepare buffer solutions of assigned pH values and determine the buffer capacity of these solutions. Teach this laboratory experience using either the guided activity or inquiry activity. In the guided activity, students calculate the amounts of acid and base they need to prepare their stock acid and base solutions. Then using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation they determine the volumes of stock acid and base solutions needed to prepare their buffers. Students then test the buffering capacity of these buffer solutions. In the inquiry activity, students choose the best conjugate acid-base pair to attain a buffer solution of desired pH and determine the concentration of the conjugate acid-base solutions needed to attain the required buffer capacity of the final solution.

Both activities include assessment questions that follow the format of the AP® Chemistry Exam free-response questions. In the assessment, students choose the best conjugate acid-base pair for the assigned pH, calculate the pH of the concentrated acid solution, and then calculate the required mass of conjugate base to mix with the acid to achieve the assigned pH value. These questions require setting up equilibrium equations and using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

Provides the following AP® Chemistry experiences; design a procedure to collect data, analyze data, prepare solutions, and use volumetric glassware. This experiment provides a thorough experience in both buffer preparation and buffer capacity. Materials are sufficient for 30 students in teams of 3. Digital teacher's manual, included FREE with kit purchase, is a 12-month eBook license to the Preparation of a Buffered Solution teacher's manual. You can also access the digital student guide for this kit for free at Carolina Science Online®.

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