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Students amplify their own mitochondrial DNA for sequencing in this kit, which teaches real-world applications of PCR, such as those used in forensics and the analysis of ancient DNA samples. Students examine a sequence within one of the hypervariable regions of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). They use safe saline mouthwash or hair and Chelex® extraction to obtain a sample of their own DNA. Then they amplify a 440-nucleotide segment of a hypervariable region of the mitochondrial chromosome.

Product Details
Advanced—For experienced high school and college classes; requires some technical skill.

Updated to include PCR Master Mix in place of PCR beads!

Generate excitement by having your students amplify their own mitochondrial DNA for sequencing! The Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms in Human Evolution with Master Mix Kit enlivens discussions on the molecular basis of heredity and evolution by placing both concepts directly into the hands of students as they learn and practice authentic biotechnology techniques. The kit uses a simple and robust protocol that is ideal for the classroom and teaches real-world applications of PCR, such as those used in forensics and the analysis of ancient DNA samples.

This experiment examines a sequence within one of the hypervariable regions of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). First, students use safe saline mouthwash or hair and Chelex® extraction to obtain a sample of their own DNA. Then they amplify a 440-nucleotide segment of a hypervariable region of the mitochondrial chromosome, which contains numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After gel electrophoresis confirms amplification, the student samples may be sent for sequencing to analyze SNPs that vary from person to person (the cost of sequencing is not included in the price of the kit). Students then compare their SNPs to ancient hominids and to people from different world populations to discover patterns of DNA variation and to analyze theories of human evolution.

Product Features

• Students perform DNA extraction and amplification only (kit does not include materials for electrophoresis)
• Sufficient materials for 25 DNA extractions and PCR reactions
• Updated to use Master Mix in place of PCR beads for enhanced instruction
• Includes a voucher to request the perishable materials later at your convenience; contact Carolina or return the voucher to request delivery of perishables
• Features bioinformatics exercises that complement the experimental methods
• Included paper model activity simulates cycles of polymerase chain reactions
• Complete visual lab procedure complements written protocol
• Resource section connects the kit activities to authentic lab techniques, real-world careers, historical perspectives, and more
• Kit content and the skills used by students during the investigations support obtainment of BCSI biotechnology microcredentials
• Kit provides an NGSS* phenomena activity and aligns to science and engineering practices and crosscutting concepts

Note: Kit includes a voucher to request perishable materials later at your convenience. Contact Carolina or return the voucher to request delivery of perishables.

Time Requirement
Requires 2 to 3 days; periods of 60 to 90 minutes

Crosscutting Concepts

• Stability and Change
• Systems and System Models

Science and Engineering Practices

• Analyzing and Interpreting Data

Learning Objectives

• Learn how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differs from nuclear DNA and why mtDNA is useful for forensic analyses, archaeological investigations, and population genetic studies.
• Collect and analyze genetic information in human populations.
• Use single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to study human evolution.
• Analyze population genetic data to trace identity by descent from a common ancestor.
• Move between in vitro experimentation and in silico computation.

Methods for Biological Research Used in the Kit

• Students extract and purify DNA from their own cells.
• They amplify a specific region of their mitochondrial genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyze PCR products by gel electrophoresis.
• They align mtDNA sequences to identify mutations and examine evolutionary patterns in ancient and modern humans.
• Students use the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to identify sequences in databases.

*Next Generation Science Standards® is a registered trademark of WestEd. Neither WestEd nor the lead states and partners that developed the Next Generation Science Standards were involved in the production of this product, and do not endorse it.