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Product Highlights

• Go beyond the traditional pen-and-paper experience to explore electron configuration and ionic bonding, and reinforce the periodic table's organization.
• High school modeling activity with manipulatives and enough materials for 15 lab groups.
• Carolina Kits 3D®—Labs that use phenomena to support NGSS and 3-dimensional instruction.

The periodic table of elements is possibly the most widely recognized scientific model, and definitely one of the most important. It is also an elegant presentation of a vast body of information that, once you learn to read it, allows you to predict the behavior of elements and compounds. The periodic table itself functions as the investigative phenomenon for both lab activities in this kit. In Patterns in Electrons, students work to answer the driving question, "How are electron configurations reflected in the structure of the periodic table?" In Patterns in Chemical Bonding, they work to answer the driving question, "What patterns can be seen in the way elements form compounds, and how do these patterns reflect the structure of the periodic table?"

Time Requirement
Combined teacher prep, 90 minutes.

• Patterns in Electrons: Total, 220 minutes. Pre-lab activity, 70 minutes. Investigation, 120 minutes. Assessment, 30 minutes.
• Patterns in Chemical Bonding: Total, 200 minutes. Pre-lab activity, 60 minutes. Investigation, 110 minutes. Assessment, 30 minutes.

Digital Resources
Includes 1-year access to digital resources that support 3-dimensional instruction for NGSS. Digital resources may include a teacher manual and student guide, pre-lab activities and setup videos, phenomenon videos, simulations, and post-lab analysis and assessments.

Performance Expectations
HS-PS2-4
HS-PS1-1

Crosscutting Concepts
Patterns

Disciplinary Core Ideas
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter
PS2.B: Types of Interactions

Science and Engineering Practices
Developing and Using Models

Learning Objectives
Patterns in Electrons:

• Model the electron configuration for a series of elements and their ions.
• Generate correct electron configurations and orbital diagrams.
• Analyze the relationship between patterns in electron configuration and the periodic table.

Patterns in Chemical Bonding:

• Model the formation of both ionic and covalent compounds.
• Analyze the relationship between patterns in electron configuration and the periodic table.

Prerequisite Knowledge and Skills
Students should possess a basic understanding of groups and element families within the periodic table and be familiar with Bohr and quantum atomic structure. They should also understand ions and the relationships among electrons, electron energy levels, and orbitals.